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Besides the fighting on the Malay Peninsula, another communist insurgency also occurred in the Malaysian state of Sarawak in the island of Borneo, which had been incorporated into the Federation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963. This coincided with the Revolutions of 1989 and the collapse of several prominent communist regimes worldwide. The insurgency came to an end on 2 December 1989 when the MCP signed a peace accord with the Malaysian government at Hatyai in southern Thailand. Instead of declaring a " state of emergency" as the British had done previously, the Malaysian government responded to the insurgency by introducing several policy initiatives including the Security and Development Program (KESBAN), Rukun Tetangga (Neighbourhood Watch), and the RELA Corps (People's Volunteer Group). Despite efforts to make the MCP appeal to ethnic Malays, the organisation was dominated by Chinese Malaysians throughout the war. In 1970, the MCP experienced a schism which led to the emergence of two breakaway factions: the Communist Party of Malaya– Marxist-Leninist (CPM–ML) and the Revolutionary Faction (CPM–RF). While the Malayan Communist Party received some limited support from the People's Republic of China, this support ended when the governments of Malaysia and China established diplomatic relations in June 1974. The conflict also coincided with renewed domestic tensions between ethnic Malays and Chinese in Peninsular Malaysia and regional military tensions due to the Vietnam War. Hostilities officially re-ignited when the MCP ambushed security forces in Kroh–Betong, in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia, on 17 June 1968. The Communist insurgency in Malaysia, also known as the Second Malayan Emergency ( Malay: Perang insurgensi melawan pengganas komunis or Darurat Kedua), was an armed conflict which occurred in Malaysia from 1968 to 1989, between the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) and Malaysian federal security forces.įollowing the end of the Malayan Emergency in 1960, the predominantly ethnic Chinese Malayan National Liberation Army, armed wing of the MCP, had retreated to the Malaysian-Thailand border where it had regrouped and retrained for future offensives against the Malaysian government. North Borneo dispute ( Philippine militant attacks)Ģ010 attacks against places of worship in Malaysia Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah (1968–1970) Insurgency continues in Sarawak until 1990 Ĭommunist Party of Thailand (until 1983) Supported by:.Dissolution of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP).Peace Agreement of Hat Yai signed between the communists and the governments of Malaysia and Thailand.